Ruby on Rails の勉強してるけど、やっぱり本読んでるだけじゃ身に付かないよね、ってことでなんか適当なネタを Rails で実装してみようと思います。
昔友達と PHP の勉強のために mixi のクローン(要するにパクり)を実装しようとした(そして途中で飽きてやめた)ことがあったけど、同じことを Ruby on Rails でやってみます。
また途中で飽きる可能性大ですけど。
Rails 環境の準備
Mac mini の上の VMware Fusion の上の Debian 4.0 の上に作ります。一通り必要となりそうなものを aptitude でインストール。
まずは rails から。
debian:~# aptitude install rails Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done Reading extended state information Initializing package states... Done Writing extended state information... Done Reading task descriptions... Done Building tag database... Done The following NEW packages will be automatically installed: irb irb1.8 liberb-ruby libpgsql-ruby1.8 libpq4 libreadline-ruby1.8 libredcloth-ruby1.8 libruby1.8 rake rdoc rdoc1.8 ruby ruby1.8 The following packages have been kept back: initramfs-tools linux-image-2.6-amd64 linux-image-2.6.18-4-amd64 The following NEW packages will be installed: irb irb1.8 liberb-ruby libpgsql-ruby1.8 libpq4 libreadline-ruby1.8 libredcloth-ruby1.8 libruby1.8 rails rake rdoc rdoc1.8 ruby ruby1.8 0 packages upgraded, 14 newly installed, 0 to remove and 3 not upgraded. Need to get 4840kB of archives. After unpacking 23.8MB will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n/?] Writing extended state information... Done Get:1 http://ftp.jp.debian.org etch/main libruby1.8 1.8.5-4 [1581kB] Get:2 http://ftp.jp.debian.org etch/main ruby1.8 1.8.5-4 [218kB] Get:3 http://ftp.jp.debian.org etch/main libreadline-ruby1.8 1.8.5-4 [197kB] Get:4 http://ftp.jp.debian.org etch/main irb1.8 1.8.5-4 [235kB] Get:5 http://ftp.jp.debian.org etch/main irb 1.8.2-1 [3662B] Get:6 http://ftp.jp.debian.org etch/main liberb-ruby 2.0.4+ruby1.8.2-1 [3530B] Get:7 http://ftp.jp.debian.org etch/main libpq4 8.1.9-0etch1 [274kB] Get:8 http://ftp.jp.debian.org etch/main libpgsql-ruby1.8 0.7.1-10 [40.7kB] Get:9 http://ftp.jp.debian.org etch/main libredcloth-ruby1.8 3.0.99.0.svn.20060519-1 [68.0kB] Get:10 http://ftp.jp.debian.org etch/main ruby 1.8.2-1 [19.0kB] Get:11 http://ftp.jp.debian.org etch/main rake 0.7.1-1 [109kB] Get:12 http://ftp.jp.debian.org etch/main rdoc1.8 1.8.5-4 [309kB] Get:13 http://ftp.jp.debian.org etch/main rdoc 1.8.2-1 [3856B] Get:14 http://ftp.jp.debian.org etch/main rails 1.1.6-3 [1777kB] Fetched 4840kB in 9s (508kB/s) Selecting previously deselected package libruby1.8. (Reading database ... 22297 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking libruby1.8 (from .../libruby1.8_1.8.5-4_amd64.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package ruby1.8. Unpacking ruby1.8 (from .../ruby1.8_1.8.5-4_amd64.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package libreadline-ruby1.8. Unpacking libreadline-ruby1.8 (from .../libreadline-ruby1.8_1.8.5-4_amd64.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package irb1.8. Unpacking irb1.8 (from .../irb1.8_1.8.5-4_all.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package irb. Unpacking irb (from .../archives/irb_1.8.2-1_all.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package liberb-ruby. Unpacking liberb-ruby (from .../liberb-ruby_2.0.4+ruby1.8.2-1_all.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package libpq4. Unpacking libpq4 (from .../libpq4_8.1.9-0etch1_amd64.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package libpgsql-ruby1.8. Unpacking libpgsql-ruby1.8 (from .../libpgsql-ruby1.8_0.7.1-10_amd64.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package libredcloth-ruby1.8. Unpacking libredcloth-ruby1.8 (from .../libredcloth-ruby1.8_3.0.99.0.svn.20060519-1_all.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package ruby. Unpacking ruby (from .../archives/ruby_1.8.2-1_all.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package rake. Unpacking rake (from .../archives/rake_0.7.1-1_all.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package rdoc1.8. Unpacking rdoc1.8 (from .../rdoc1.8_1.8.5-4_all.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package rdoc. Unpacking rdoc (from .../archives/rdoc_1.8.2-1_all.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package rails. Unpacking rails (from .../archives/rails_1.1.6-3_all.deb) ... Setting up libruby1.8 (1.8.5-4) ... Setting up ruby1.8 (1.8.5-4) ... Setting up libreadline-ruby1.8 (1.8.5-4) ... Setting up irb1.8 (1.8.5-4) ... Setting up irb (1.8.2-1) ... Setting up liberb-ruby (2.0.4+ruby1.8.2-1) ... Setting up libpq4 (8.1.9-0etch1) ... Setting up libpgsql-ruby1.8 (0.7.1-10) ... Setting up libredcloth-ruby1.8 (3.0.99.0.svn.20060519-1) ... Setting up ruby (1.8.2-1) ... Setting up rake (0.7.1-1) ... Setting up rdoc1.8 (1.8.5-4) ... Setting up rdoc (1.8.2-1) ... Setting up rails (1.1.6-3) ...
データベースには PostgreSQL 8.1 を使います。 MySQL 慣れてないんで。
debian:~# aptitude install postgresql-8.1 Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done Reading extended state information Initializing package states... Done Writing extended state information... Done Reading task descriptions... Done Building tag database... Done The following NEW packages will be automatically installed: openssl postgresql-client-8.1 postgresql-client-common postgresql-common ssl-cert The following packages have been kept back: initramfs-tools linux-image-2.6-amd64 linux-image-2.6.18-4-amd64 The following NEW packages will be installed: openssl postgresql-8.1 postgresql-client-8.1 postgresql-client-common postgresql-common ssl-cert 0 packages upgraded, 6 newly installed, 0 to remove and 3 not upgraded. Need to get 7037kB of archives. After unpacking 20.7MB will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n/?] Writing extended state information... Done Get:1 http://ftp.jp.debian.org etch/main openssl 0.9.8c-4 [1005kB] Get:2 http://ftp.jp.debian.org etch/main postgresql-client-common 71 [40.2kB] Get:3 http://ftp.jp.debian.org etch/main postgresql-client-8.1 8.1.9-0etch1 [1454kB] Get:4 http://ftp.jp.debian.org etch/main ssl-cert 1.0.14 [11.1kB] Get:5 http://ftp.jp.debian.org etch/main postgresql-common 71 [102kB] Get:6 http://ftp.jp.debian.org etch/main postgresql-8.1 8.1.9-0etch1 [4424kB] Fetched 7037kB in 16s (432kB/s) Preconfiguring packages ... Selecting previously deselected package openssl. (Reading database ... 24886 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking openssl (from .../openssl_0.9.8c-4_amd64.deb) ... Creating directory /etc/ssl Selecting previously deselected package postgresql-client-common. Unpacking postgresql-client-common (from .../postgresql-client-common_71_all.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package postgresql-client-8.1. Unpacking postgresql-client-8.1 (from .../postgresql-client-8.1_8.1.9-0etch1_amd64.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package ssl-cert. Unpacking ssl-cert (from .../ssl-cert_1.0.14_all.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package postgresql-common. Unpacking postgresql-common (from .../postgresql-common_71_all.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package postgresql-8.1. Unpacking postgresql-8.1 (from .../postgresql-8.1_8.1.9-0etch1_amd64.deb) ... Setting up openssl (0.9.8c-4) ... Setting up postgresql-client-common (71) ... Setting up postgresql-client-8.1 (8.1.9-0etch1) ... Setting up ssl-cert (1.0.14) ... Setting up postgresql-common (71) ... adduser: Warning: that home directory does not belong to the user you are currently creating. Setting up postgresql-8.1 (8.1.9-0etch1) ... Creating new cluster (configuration: /etc/postgresql/8.1/main, data: /var/lib/postgresql/8.1/main)... Moving configuration file /var/lib/postgresql/8.1/main/postgresql.conf to /etc/postgresql/8.1/main... Moving configuration file /var/lib/postgresql/8.1/main/pg_hba.conf to /etc/postgresql/8.1/main... Moving configuration file /var/lib/postgresql/8.1/main/pg_ident.conf to /etc/postgresql/8.1/main... Configuring postgresql.conf to use port 5432... Starting PostgreSQL 8.1 database server: main.
以上でとりあえず必要となるパッケージのインストールは終わり。
では Rails のプロジェクトを作りましょう。
mixi の clone ということで mixlone というプロジェクト名にします。
一般ユーザで以下のコマンドを実行します。
masakazu@debian:~$ rails mixlone create create app/controllers create app/helpers create app/models create app/views/layouts create config/environments create components create db create doc create lib create lib/tasks create log create public/images create public/javascripts create public/stylesheets create script/performance create script/process create test/fixtures create test/functional create test/integration create test/mocks/development create test/mocks/test create test/unit create vendor create vendor/plugins create tmp/sessions create tmp/sockets create tmp/cache create Rakefile create README create app/controllers/application.rb create app/helpers/application_helper.rb create test/test_helper.rb create config/database.yml create config/routes.rb create public/.htaccess create config/boot.rb create config/environment.rb create config/environments/production.rb create config/environments/development.rb create config/environments/test.rb create script/about create script/breakpointer create script/console create script/destroy create script/generate create script/performance/benchmarker create script/performance/profiler create script/process/reaper create script/process/spawner create script/runner create script/server create script/plugin create public/dispatch.rb create public/dispatch.cgi create public/dispatch.fcgi create public/404.html create public/500.html create public/index.html create public/favicon.ico create public/robots.txt create public/images/rails.png create public/javascripts/prototype.js create public/javascripts/effects.js create public/javascripts/dragdrop.js create public/javascripts/controls.js create public/javascripts/application.js create doc/README_FOR_APP create log/server.log create log/production.log create log/development.log create log/test.log
Rails には ActiveRecord という Ruby オブジェクトと RDBMS を結びつけるための仕組みがありますけど、この ActiveRecord のデータベース関連の設定は config/database.yml で行います。デフォルトでは MySQL に接続するような設定になってますけど、今回は PostgreSQL を使いますので、アカウントとパスワードもあわせて以下のように修正します(修正箇所を bold にしてます)。
FILE: config/database.yml 1 # MySQL (default setup). Versions 4.1 and 5.0 are recommended. 2 # 3 # Install the MySQL driver: 4 # gem install mysql 5 # On MacOS X: 6 # gem install mysql -- --include=/usr/local/lib 7 # On Windows: 8 # There is no gem for Windows. Install mysql.so from RubyForApache. 9 # http://rubyforge.org/projects/rubyforapache 10 # 11 # And be sure to use new-style password hashing: 12 # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/old-client.html 13 development: 14 adapter: postgresql 15 database: mixlone_development 16 username: mixlone 17 password: mixlone 18 host: localhost 19 20 # Warning: The database defined as 'test' will be erased and 21 # re-generated from your development database when you run 'rake'. 22 # Do not set this db to the same as development or production. 23 test: 24 adapter: postgresql 25 database: mixlone_test 26 username: mixlone 27 password: mixlone 28 host: localhost 29 30 production: 31 adapter: postgresql 32 database: mixlone_production 33 username: mixlone 34 password: mixlone 35 host: localhost
この通りにデータベースを準備しましょう。 postgres アカウントになって以下のコマンド実行します。
debian:~# su - postgres postgres@debian:~$ createuser mixlone Shall the new role be a superuser? (y/n) n Shall the new role be allowed to create databases? (y/n) n Shall the new role be allowed to create more new roles? (y/n) n CREATE ROLE postgres@debian:~$ createdb -O mixlone -E UTF-8 mixlone_development CREATE DATABASE postgres@debian:~$ createdb -O mixlone -E UTF-8 mixlone_test CREATE DATABASE postgres@debian:~$ createdb -O mixlone -E UTF-8 mixlone_production CREATE DATABASE postgres@debian:~$ psql template1 Welcome to psql 8.1.9, the PostgreSQL interactive terminal. Type: \copyright for distribution terms \h for help with SQL commands \? for help with psql commands \g or terminate with semicolon to execute query \q to quit template1=# alter user mixlone password 'mixlone'; ALTER ROLE template1=# \q
以上でとりあえずの準備は完了です。
試しにサーバを起動して接続してみましょう。
masakazu@debian:~/mixlone-$ script/server -b 0.0.0.0 => Booting WEBrick... => Rails application started on http://0.0.0.0:3000 => Ctrl-C to shutdown server; call with --help for options [2007-09-04 08:39:27] INFO WEBrick 1.3.1 [2007-09-04 08:39:27] INFO ruby 1.8.5 (2006-08-25) [x86_64-linux] [2007-09-04 08:39:27] INFO WEBrick::HTTPServer#start: pid=3849 port=3000
適当なブラウザからアクセスするとこんな画面が表示されます。
サーバに接続できることを確認できたら Ctrl+C で抜けましょう。
192.168.1.102 - - [04/Sep/2007:08:49:55 JST] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 - -> / 192.168.1.102 - - [04/Sep/2007:08:49:55 JST] "GET /javascripts/prototype.js HTTP/1.1" 304 0 http://192.168.1.194:3000/ -> /javascripts/prototype.js 192.168.1.102 - - [04/Sep/2007:08:49:55 JST] "GET /javascripts/effects.js HTTP/1.1" 304 0 http://192.168.1.194:3000/ -> /javascripts/effects.js 192.168.1.102 - - [04/Sep/2007:08:49:55 JST] "GET /images/rails.png HTTP/1.1" 304 0 http://192.168.1.194:3000/ -> /images/rails.png [2007-09-04 08:49:59] INFO going to shutdown ... [2007-09-04 08:49:59] INFO WEBrick::HTTPServer#start done.
今日はとりあえずここまで。